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Cambridge IELTS Book 18 Writing Task 1 Test 4

The graph below gives information about the percentage of the population in four Asian countries living in cities from 1970 to 2020, with predictions for 2030 and 2040.

This essay question is from IELTS 18 Test 1 Writing Task 1.

The line graph illustrates the percentage of people living in cities across four Asian countries from 1970 to 2020, along with forecasts for 2030 and 2040. Overall, the urban population in all four nations increased, with Malaysia standing out for having the highest proportion. These trends are expected to continue in the future.

Both Malaysia and the Philippines started with around 30% of their populations residing in cities in 1970. Malaysia saw significant growth, with approximately 75% of its population living in cities by 2020, while the Philippines fluctuated between 35% and 45%.

In 1970, Thailand had nearly 20% of its population living in cities, compared to Indonesia’s 15%. However, Indonesia’s urban population grew at a faster rate, reaching almost 50% by 2020, while Thailand’s share increased to around 30%.

Projections indicate further growth in urban populations across all four countries. By 2040, Malaysia is forecasted to have the highest percentage, exceeding 80%, followed by Indonesia with 65%. The Philippines and Thailand are projected to have urban populations of around 55% and 50%, respectively. (191 words)

Common Mistake

  • Do not use “urban”
    An urban population is the population living in urban areas, which include not only cities but also surrounding areas characterized by high population density and economic activity. It’s worth noting that an urban population can be greater than the population of a particular city if the urban area extends beyond the administrative boundaries of that city.

  • Do not use “city residents”
    People may live in a city and not be, administratively speaking, residents. However, “city dwellers” is correct in this context.

Vocabulary for Predictions

  • Will likely
    Manage invoices, expenses and taxes Malaysia will likely have the highest percentage of the population living in cities by 2040, surpassing 80%.

  • Be set to
    Malaysia is set to have the highest percentage of the population living in cities by 2040, surpassing 80%. Learn more.

  • Be expected/projected/predicted/forecast to
    Malaysia is expected to have the highest percentage of the population living in cities by 2040, surpassing 80%.